Battle Fever J
Genre	Tokusatsu
Created by	Toei
Starring	Kouki Tanioka, Yukio Itou, Narimitsu Kurachi, Kenji Ohba, Diane Martin, Nahomi Hagi, Daisuke Ban
Narrated by	Toru Ohira
Composer(s)	Michiaki Watanabe
Country of origin	Japan
No. of episodes	52
Production
Producer(s)	Tetsuo Kanno Kanetake Ochiai Itaru Orita Susumu Yoshikawa
Running time	30 minutes
Production company(s)	TV Asahi Toei Company
Broadcast
Original channel	TV Asahi
Original run	February 3, 1979 – January 26, 1980
Chronology
Preceded by	J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai
Followed by	Denshi Sentai Denziman

Battle Fever J (????????J, Batoru F?b? Jei^?) is a Japanese TV series, being the third entry of the Super Sentai series franchise. It was co-produced by Toei Company and TV Asahi and aired on TV Asahi on February 3, 1979 - January 26, 1980 with a total of 52 episodes. It was Toei’s second co-production with Marvel.

The Rangers have designations named for countries around the world : Battle Japan, Battle France, Battle Cossack (Soviet Union), Battle Kenya and Miss America (United States). It was also the second show to introduce the Super Sentai format, where the heroes must control giant robots to defeat a monster who itself has grown to a gigantic size (or anything similar). Toei’s tokusatsu adaptation of Spider-Man was the first to introduce this format used by Super Sentai to the present day, and it was the inspiration for this series, following its success. The series was also partially inspired by the Marvel Comics character; Captain America.

Battle Fever J was the first series to use the term Super Sentai (unlike the previous two who were just called Sentai, without the “Super”). For a long time, up to the airing of Kakuranger, Battle Fever J was considered the first entry in the Super Sentai series, as seen in Episode 0 of Turboranger that honors the past 10 sentai (the other 9 being Denziman, Sun Vulcan, Goggle V, Dynaman, Bioman, Changeman, Flashman, Maskman and Liveman) until Toei announced in 1994 that its predecessors Goranger and J.A.K.Q. were also part of the Super Sentai series, when Chouriki Sentai Ohranger was announced as the 19th super sentai team.

Battle Fever J was especially popular in Hawaii, along with Goranger, Kikaider, Kamen Rider V3, and Ultraman, all of which were shown in the original Japanese and subtitled by JN Productions on then KIKU Channel 13.

Plot

General Kurama assembles four young agents who had been dispatched around the world for training. They are joined by FBI investigator Diane Martin, whose father was murdered by Egos. The five don powered suits to become the Battle Fever team. (The word ‘fever’ was trendy at the time.) The Battle Fever team’s trump card is the Battle Fever Robo. Egos tries to stop the construction of the Robot, but the monsters they send to perform this task are defeated one by one by the Fever team. Egos then unleashes the ‘younger brother’ of the Buffalo Monster, a giant robot replica of its ‘older brother’. The Robot, fortunately, is finished in time. Aboard it, the Fever team defeats the Buffalo Monster and its successors. The Fever team never stops, even when it lost two of its members (the original Miss America and Battle Cossack). With new members, the team defeats Hedder, now the Hedder Monster, and breaks into Egos’ headquarters, where they are fed into the Egos Monster Making Machine so that they may be used as material for a Battle Fever Monster. The team destroys the machine and slays the mysterious deity Satan Egos himself with the Lightning Sword Rocketter sword-throwing move.

Heroes

Battle Fever J

The Battle Fever J

“Battle Fever!”

• Masao Den (???, Den Masao^?) / Battle Japan (???????, Batoru Japan^?): A former National Defense Ministry officer. He is good at judo and karate. He is armed with a spear. He does a kung fu dance. Led by His Liveman succesor Red Falcon, He appeared as one of former Rangers in Gaoranger Vs Super Sentai together with fellow Red Rangers from his Predecessors Aka Ranger and Spade Ace to his Successors from Denji Red to TimeRed
• Kensaku Shiraishi (????, Shiraishi Kensaku^?) / Battle Cossack I (?????????, Batoru Kosakku Shodai^?) (1-33): He is good at science as well as war. Wielded twin sais. He does a Cossack dance. He is the original second in command into the team. Left Big Baser without the Battle Cossack uniform and was killed by Egos with Machine Guns, attempting to save Mayumi from Egos. He loves to play Pachinko and enjoys eating caviar.
• Makoto Jin (??, Jin Makoto^?) / Battle Cossack II (??????????, Batoru Kosakku Nidaime^?) (33-52): A silent cowboy. A man of action, not words. A scientist who trained in the Defense Ministry along with Kensaku. He joined Battle Fever to avenge the death of his friend. Makoto is an expert marksman. He is a loner, preferring to go off by himself. Makoto plays a trumpet to distract Egos.
• Kyousuke Shida (????, Shida Ky?suke^?) / Battle France (???????, Batoru Furansu^?): He is trained in France. He turns a new second in command into the team after Kensaku’s death. He is normally a beautician. A dandy and playboy. He enjoys eating escargot. He is armed with a fencing sword. He does a Spanish dance.
• Shirou Akebono (???, Akebono Shir?^?) / Battle Kenya (??????, Batoru Kenia^?): Unofficially the first Black Warrior in Super Sentai history. He is trained in Kenya. He is a wild child who can talk to animals. He is armed with a whip. He does a tropical dance. He eats just about anything. The smell of his cooking is not appreciated by the other team members.
• Diane Martin (?????????, Daian M?chin^?) / Miss America I (????????, Misu Amerika Shodai^?) (1-24): An FBI agent who joined the Fever team to avenge her father Bosner, who was slain by Egos. She is armed with throwing knives. She does a disco dance. After she was wounded by the Dracula Monster, she returned to the United States. Diane has a sister named Catherine.
• María Nagisa (????, Nagisa Maria^?) / Miss America II (?????????, Misu Amerika Nidaime^?) (24-52): An FBI agent trained by Diane Martin’s father. When Diane is WIA Maria takes her place as Miss America and then stays on permanently when Diane decides to return the United States.

Gear

• Battleceiver (???????, Batorush?b?^?): The Battle Fever Squad’s communication device and possible transformation device. Transformation call is “Fever!”
• Command Bat (???????, Komando Batto^?): The Battle Fever Squad’s standard issue weapon. It transforms into the Battle Fever Squad’s assigned weapons. Forms the Penta Force (???????, Penta F?su^?) cannon or boomerang.

Vehicles

• Battle Fever Car (??????????, Batoru F?b? K?^?): Stock green Mazda RX-7 used by Battle Japan and Miss America.
• Three Machines (???????, Sur? Mash?n^?): The motorcycles used by the rest of the BFS. In episode 35, Miss America rode Battle France’s motorcycle.

Mecha

• Big Baser (???????, Biggu Beiz?^?): The Battle Fever Squad’s box-like undersea headquarters. It can move from place to place under the sea.
• Battle Shark (???????, Batoru Sh?ku^?): A submarine-like mecha carrier. Splits in half to launch the Battle Fever Robo and stores all of its weaponry.
• Battle Fever Robo (??????????, Batoru F?b? Robo^?): Resembling samurai, this the first giant robot in Super Sentai history. It has a variety of weapons:
  • Lightning Sword (???, Denk? Ken^?): Samurai-type sword. It also has a scabbard. On the grip, you will see the letters “ACFKJ” (America, Cossack, France, Kenya (Although Battle Kenya is technically a Black Warrior, the “K” on the grip is green), Japan).
    • Chinese Bamboo Slice (????, Karatake Wari^?): The Battle Fever Robo’s primary finisher.
    • Battle Fever Power (???????????, Batoru F?b? Paw?^?): The auxiliary finisher using the robot’s total energy. It was used to kill Hedder Monster.
    • Lightning Sword Rocketter (????????, Denk? Ken Rokett?^?): The auxiliary finisher used to kill Satan Egos in the final battle.
  • Swords Fever (????????, S?do F?b?^?): The throwing daggers stored in sheaths attached to the robot’s legs. It was used in the Cross Fever (????????, Kurosu F?b?^?) attack.
  • Fever Axe (?????????, F?b? Akkusu^?): The hatchet.
  • Chain Crushers (??????????, Ch?n Kurassh?^?): The chains stored in the robot’s arms.
  • Stick Attacker (??????????, Sutikku Atakk?^?): A spear.
  • Attack Lancer (????????, Atakku Rans?^?): A trident. It can be used in conjunction with either Chain Crusher.
  • Cane Knocker (???????, K?n Nokk?^?): A shakujo. It was used in Episode 24 to fight the Dracula Robot.
  • Battle Shield (???????, Batoru Sh?rudo^?): A defense tool. It can withstand 28,000 tons of pressure.
  • Knuckle Punchers (?????????, Nakkuru Panch?^?): Knuckle dusters.
  • Cross Turn (??????, Kurosu T?n^?): The robot can attack using its detached horns.
  • Fever Cannons: The cannons stored inside the robot’s lower legs.

Allies

• General Kurama Tetsuzan (??????, Kurama Tetsuzan Sh?gun^?): The chief of the special science office of the National Defense Ministry who established the Fever team. He is a master of traditional Japanese swordsmanship.

• Keiko Nakahara: One of the operatives that runs Big Baser.

• Tomoko Ueda: The other operative that runs Big Baser.

• Masaru Nakahara: Keiko’s little brother.

• Yuki Ueda: Tomoko’s little sister. Was used by Egos in episode 27 to find Battle Fever’s base.

• Kyutaro: Robot mynah bird built by Tetsuzan as a present. Often had insight into the situation. Revealed in episode 51 to have a freezing ray built in.

Secret Society Egos

Secret Society Egos (???????, Himitsu Kessha Egosu^?) is a religion of mad egocentrists who intend to plunge the world into chaos.

• Satan Egos (??????, Satan Egosu^?): The mysterious head, entirely draped in black. He is ultimately slain by the Lightning Sword Rocketter.

• Commander Hedder (???????, Hedd? Shikikan^?) (1 – 51): The high priest of Egos. He later becomes the Hedder Monster and is slain as such by the Battle Fever Squad’s new attack, Battle Fever Power.

• Salomé (???, Sarome^?) (19 – 52): An Egos American branch officer who came to Japan to aid Hedder with her super strength.

• Cutmen (?????, Kattoman^?): The foot soldiers in grey and black armed with MP40 machineguns.

Egos Monsters

The Egos Monsters (?????, Egosu Kaijin^?) are divine children of Egos created by the heart-like Egos Monster Making Machine. Many from episode 5 onward have ‘little brother’ giant robot doubles.

• Komori Kaijin (Bat Monster) (1)- Special Weapons or Moves: (Umbrella (hydrocyanide acid and being a bomb) Disguised as a woman with a red umbrella and kills the three highest police officials and Mr. Bossner (Diane’s father) with Hydro-cyanide acid. Finally killed off with Penta-Force.
• Kibajishi Kaijin (Fang Lion Monster) (2)- (Hitman for hire) Special Weapons or Moves: (Arrow looking Bow) Always with a lady in blue. Kills a Meoka’s friend, business man. Finally killed off by Penta-Force. Side-notes: Whomever once the monster hits has a red mark on the forehead. The lady in blue vaporizes later.
• Death Mask Kaijin (3)- Special Weapons or Moves: (Throwing Daggers) Human form of Machiko Soga (Future Sentai action and Power Ranger (American) action). First battles Japan. Then she was finally killed off by Penta-Force.
• Nenriki Kaijin (Telekinesis Monster) (4)- Special Weapons or Moves: (Telekinesis Power) Born from a Psychic. Finally killed off by Penta-Force.
• Buffalo Monster (5)- Special Weapons or Moves: (Sword) Fought Battle Fever then defeated by Penta-Force. Side-Note: Buffalo Robo terrorized the town. Then Sword fight in the sky then on land. Killed off by twin daggers.
• Doguu Monster (6)
• Fireball Monster (7)
• Sports Monster (8)
• Icicle Monster (9)
• Nauman Monster (10)
• Cobra Monster (11)
• Monster Roselinka (12)
• Egg Monster (13)
• Galaxy Monster (14)
• Snail Monster (15)
• Hand-to-Hand Combat Monster (16)
• Blue Vein Monster (17)
• Magnet Monster (18)
• Notch Tooth Monster (20)
• Dinosaur Monster (21-22)
• Ghost Monster (23)
• Dracula Monster (24)
• Magic Monster (25)
• Bandage Monster (26)
• Black Mask Monster (27)
• Jellyfish Urchin Monster (28)
• Mouthcut Monster (29)
• Strange Food Monster (30)
• Money Violence Monster (31)
• Earthworm Monster (32)
• Eagle Monster (33)
• Cicada Killer Monster (34)
• Ancient Fish Monster (35)
• Bomb Monster (36)
• Four Faced Monster (37)
• Skull Mushroom Monster (38)
• Hyde Monster (39)
• Study Monster (40)
• Mechanical Doll Monster (41)
• Electric Monster (42)
• Rolling Monster (43)
• Illusion Monster (44)
• Heart Monster (45)
• Curse Monster (46)
• Left Hand Monster (47)
• Great Thief Monster (48)
• Fly Trap Monster (49)
• Ogre Beard Monster (50)

Episodes

1. Assault!! Run to the Ballpark (?????????, Totsugeki!! Ky?j? e Hashire^?)
2. Egos’ Monster-Making Method (????????, Egosu Kaijin Seiz? H?^?)
3. Search for the Spy! (???????, Supai o Sagase!^?)
4. It’s a Super-Powered Trap! (???????, Ch?maryoku no Wana da!^?)
5. Robot Big Dogfight (????????, Robotto Dai K?ch?sen^?)
6. Launch the Multipurpose Battleship (????????, Bann? Senkan Hasshin Seyo^?)
7. The House Burns!! (????????, O-uchi ga Moeru!!^?)
8. The Riddle of the Strongarm Ace (???????, Tetsuwan ?su no Nazo^?)
9. The Woman from the Land of Ice (?????, K?ri no Kuni no Onna^?)
10. I Saw the Naumann Elephant (????????, Nauman-z? o Mita^?)
11. The Great Case of the Pet Kidnapping (????????, Petto Y?kai Dai Jiken^?)
12. The Cursed Killing Method, Rose Snowstorm (????????, Noroi Satsu H? Bara Fubuki^?)
13. Golden Eggs and Sunny-Side-Up Eggs (????????, Kin no Tamago to Medamayaki^?)
14. Marriage of the Beauty and the Beast (????????, Bijo to Yaj? no Kekkon^?)
15. Egos’ Hellish Cooking (????????, Egosu no Jigoku Ry?ri^?)
16. The Tragedy of the Unarmed-Combat Queen (????????, Kakut?gi Jo? no Higeki^?)
17. Steal the Monster Machine (????????, Kaibutsu Mashin o Ubae^?)
18. Hurry to the Dove’s Nest of Evil (????????, Hato yo Aku no Su e Isoge^?)
19. Just Bigger Than the World’s Biggest Beauty!! (?????????, Sekai Saidai Ky? no Bijo^?)
20. Hazardous Ghost Hunting (???????, Kiken na Y?rei Kari^?)
21. Assault the Dinosaur Peninsula!! (?????????, Ky?ry? Hant? e Totsugeki^?)
22. The Female Spy Team’s Counterattack (????????, Onna Supai Dan no Gyakush?^?)
23. Decisive Battle!! All Monsters Appear (?????????, Kessen!! Kaijin S? T?j?^?)
24. Tears! Diane Falls (????????, Namida! Daian Taoru^?)
25. The Film Studio is a Strange Haunt (????????, Satsueijo wa Kaiki Maky?^?)
26. The Bandage Man’s Masked Report (????????, H?tai Otoko no Kamen H?koku^?)
27. First Love, to a Thief’s Soul, Official Business (????????, Hatsukoi Dorob? ni Goy? Kokoro^?)
28. Chase the Mysterious Boat (????????, Nazo no B?to o Oe^?)
29. Did You See Her!? The Woman With the Torn Mouth (?????????, Mita ka!? Kuchisake Onna^?)
30. The Villainous, Omnivorous Head Chef (????????, Akkan Zasshoku no Ry?rich?^?)
31. Violent Dash Track Siblings (????????, Gekis? Torakku Ky?dai^?)
32. Hometown Homicide Village (???????, Furusato Satsujin Mura^?)
33. Cossack Dies in Love (????????, Kosakku Ai ni Shisu^?)
34. The Dark Shogun Who Laughs in Hell (????????, Jigoku de Warau Yami Sh?gun^?)
35. Starving Big Panic (????????, Harapeko Dai Panikku^?)
36. The Blown-Up Wedding (????????, Bakuhasareta Kekkonshiki^?)
37. Lightning Sword vs. Pinwheel Sword (???????, Denk?ken Tai Kazegurumaken^?)
38. The Bizarre Party’s Trap (?????????, Kaiki P?t? no Wana^?)
39. The Friend Who Became a Demon (???????, Akuma ni Natta Tomo^?)
40. The Beautiful Teacher, in the Nick of Time (????????, Bijin Sensei Kikiippatsu^?)
41. A Big Counterattack on the Verge of Explosion (????????, Bakuha Sunzen no Dai Gyakush?^?)
42. The Fireworks of Electric Human Love (????????, Denki Ningen-Ai no Hanabi^?)
43. Assassin Jackal (????????, Ansatsusha Jakkaru^?)
44. The Moonlight Clan of Hell Valley (????????, Jigoku Tani no Getsuei Ichizoku^?)
45. Five Minutes Before the Heart Stops! (????????, Shinz? Teishi Gofun Mae^?)
46. The Cursed Straw Doll (???????, Noroi no Wara Ningy?^?)
47. A Mystery! Strategic Grass-Lot Baseball (????????, Kai! B?ryaku no Kusayaky?^?)
48. The Big Thief and the Robber Boy (????????, Dai T?zoku to Dorob? Sh?nen^?)
49. The Five Second Graders Rebel Army (2?5?????, Ninen Gokumi no Hanrangun^?)
50. The Demon Who Aims at the Shogun’s Mask (????????, Sh?gun o Nerau Fukumen Oni^?)
51. Egos’ Revival Ceremony (????????, Egosu Fukkatsu no Kishiki^?)
52. The Symphony of the Heroes (????????, Eiy?tachi no K?ky?kyoku^?)

Cast

• Narrator: Toru Ohira
• Masao Den/Battle Japan: Hironori Tanioka
• Kensaku Shiraishi/Battle Cossack 1: Yukio Itou
• Makoto Jin/Battle Cossack 2: Daisuke Ban
• Kyousuke Shida/Battle France: Yuuhei Kurachi
• Shirou Akebono/Battle Kenya: Kenji Ohba
• Diane Martin/Miss America 1: Diane Martin
• Fake Diane Martin: Diane Martin
• Maria Nagisa/Miss America 2: Naomi Hagi
• Commander Hedder: Kenji Ushio (Episodes 1-7) / Masashi Ishibashi (Episodes 9-51)
• Salome: Maki Ueda (Episodes 19-52)

Voice Actors

• Diane Martin/Miss America 1: Lisa Komaki

Stunt Actors

• Battle Japan: Kazuo Nibori
• Battle Cossack: Hiroshi Atsum and Hirohumi Koga
• Battle France: Haruhiko Hashimoto and Tetsuo Mashita
• Battle Kenya: Kenji Ohba and Tsutomu Kitagawa
• Miss America: Lisa Komaki, Eiko Onodera and Tsutomu Kitagawa

Songs

Opening theme

• “Battle Fever J” (????????J, Batoru F?b? Jei^?)
  • Lyrics: Keisuke Yamakawa (?? ??, Yamakawa Keisuke^?)
  • Composition and Arrangement: Michiaki Watanabe (?? ??, Watanabe Michiaki^?)
  • Artist: MoJo with the Columbia Yurikago-Kai

• “Battle Fever J (Alternate Opening)”
  • Lyrics: Keisuke Yamakawa
  • Composition and Arrangement: Michiaki Watanabe
  • Artist: MoJo, Columbia Yurikago-Kai, Feeling Free

Ending theme

• “Go Brave Man” (?????, Y?sha ga Yuku^?)
  • Lyrics: Sabur? Yatsude
  • Composition and Arrangement: Michiaki Watanabe
  • Artist: MoJo

External links

• Battle Fever.com
• Henshin Hall of Fame’s Battle Fever J page

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Aero NT-54
Directed by	Nikolai Petrov
Written by	Nikolai Surovtsev (script)
Starring	Elena Korchagina-Alexandrovskaya Vladimir Voronov Alexander Orlov
Cinematography	Albert Kyun
Distributed by	“SevZapKino” (North-West Cinema)
Release date(s)	August 18, 1925
Running time	61 min.
Country	Soviet Union
Language	Silent film Russian intertitles

Aero NT-54 (Russian: ???? ??-54) is a 1925 Soviet black and white silent film directed by Nikolai Petrov. Scriptwriter - Nikolai Surovtsev. The film was censored and banned in 1 December 1928 by Glavrepertkom.

Plot

Plot of the film is based on a Soviet engineer who developed a fantastically powerful aircraft engine for airplanes. Too many parties, however, want to own this invention and so passions run high.

References

1. ^ “???? ??-54 - ???????” (in Russian). Kino-teatr.ru. http://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/sov/10109/history/. Retrieved on 2008-11-03. 

ar aw930 buy

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Californië is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Venlo, about 3 km west of Grubbenvorst.

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Owen Thomas (musician)

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This article may not meet the notability guideline for music. Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged or deleted. (June 2009)

Owen Matthew Thomas (born July 29, 1978, in Buffalo, NY) is the lead singer and songwriter for American rock and roll band The Elms. Owen Thomas resides in Seymour, Indiana.

This article about a United States singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Thomas_(musician)”
Categories: 1978 births | American rock singers | Musicians from Indiana | Musicians from New York | People from Seymour, Indiana | People from Buffalo, New York | United States singer stubsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from June 2009 | All articles lacking sources | Articles with topics of unclear notability from June 2009

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Fast Liquid Loss Weight

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Benoît de Maillet, from “Description de l’Égypte” Paris, 1735.

Benoît de Maillet (Saint-Mihiel, 12 April 1656 – Marseille, 30 January 1738) was a well-travelled French diplomat and natural historian. He was French consul general at Cairo, and overseer in the Levant. He formulated an evolutionary hypothesis to explain the origin of the earth and its contents.

Maillet’s geological observations convinced him that the earth could not have been created in an instant because the features of the crust indicate a slow development by natural processes. He also believed that creatures on the land were ultimately derived from creatures living in the seas. He believed in the natural origin of man. He estimated that the development of the earth took two billion years.

Life

Maillet was a nobleman of Lorraine, born into a distinguished Catholic family. He did not attend university, but he received an excellent classical education. Maillet was interested in geology and natural history, and took advantage of his travels to make observations. He was French general consul at Cairo (1692–1708), during which time he studied the Egyptian pyramids, and at Leghorn (1712–1717). He was French overseer in the Levant and the Barbarous states from 1715 until his retirement.

The book and its history

His main work, Telliamed (his name in reverse), was published, after his death, in 1748. based on manuscripts written between 1722 and 1732. The printed text was the result of ten years’ editing by the Abbott Jean Baptiste de Mascrier in an attempt to reconcile the proposed system with the dogma of the Catholic Church. Maillet relied on him even though he had done a poor job editing Maillet’s earlier book Description de l’Egypte (1735). As a result of Mascrier’s tinkering, none of the printed editions accurately represents Maillet’s work, though the best is the third and final edition, published in the Hague and Paris in 1755, which includes the only biography of Maillet that we have.

As a result of the assiduous textual work by Neubert, who compared in detail the text of the third edition with the content of copied manuscripts, it is possible to say that the 1755 edition differed from the manuscripts by:

With this information as a starting point, it has been possible to largely reconstruct Maillet’s original content. The translation presented in the 1968 edition is not a simple reprint. It is based on the best surviving manuscript, ILL¹ (Introduction, p31). Extensive notes carry expanations, comments, and variations between sources. This edition therefore becomes the basis for any analysis of Maillet’s ideas.

The ‘Indian philosopher’ speaks the views of Maillet himself. The device is transparently obvious, but understandable because the philosopher contradicts the literal word of the Bible at a time when this still carried some risk to his person and livelihood. The delay in publication can also be interpreted the same way, protecting the author and then protecting the editor, giving the latter time to soften the blow by watering down Maillet’s ideas.

The argument

It was, in its essence, an ultraneptunian theory of the Earth, and was to a large extent based on field geology discerned during trips throughout Egypt and other Mediterranean countries. It is based essentially on processes today known as sedimentation, excluding all other geological or geomorphological agents except some minor aspects of weathering. The work therefore seems modern as it touches sedimentation, but fantastical when touching other fields. Maillet observed, but did not always understand, all the major types of rocks forming the earth’s crust.

From the observation of fossilized shells embedded in sedimentary rocks on mountains high above sea level, de Maillet recognized the true nature of fossils. Not appreciating that the land might rise, he concluded that the earth had originally been entirely covered by water (a theory of René Descartes), which had since been steadily lost into the vortex. Maillet derived a rate of fall of sea level, of about three inches per century, from sites where former ports were now above sea level. Working back to the highest mountains, he reached a figure of 2.4 billion years for the age of the earth, so he though it quite reasonable to accept that at least 2 billion years had passed since the earth was covered with water. Of course, this attempt is flawed in several ways; but it contains the seed of real progress. He saw the importance of slow natural processes operating over long periods of time, forming and shaping the earth. He introduced the idea that the Earth might be billions of years old, which even a century and a half after his death would have been denied.

Maillet’s idea on biology had a similar basis. He thought that life had begun in the water, after the emergence of the highest mountains, but before the continents. He believes that life arose in the shallows surrounding the first land. Sea life, fish, shellfish, algae, diversified and their remains were covered with sediment and became secondary rocks laid down on the sides of primitive mountains. When continents emerged from the water, so did marine organisms. From seaweed developed trees and shrubs, from flying fish came birds. Man’s career began as a fish.

The context for this proto-evolutionary thought is Maillet’s belief that space contained the seeds of life, invisible spores always available for seeding. This theory of the origin of life is called panspermia. The really important observation he made was that the lower layers of sedimentary rocks contained animals and plants different from those of today, and some types that were unrecognisable. He offered several explanations, none of which reach the present idea of evolution, but at least he did appreciate this was a critical issue.

Maillet’s ideas on the history of mankind are the weakest part of his conception. He incorporates a number of myths and traditions which are simply incorrect. His system of calculating time does not work because no remains of humans are present in the kind of sedimentary rocks he examined. He believes man has a long history, that he originated in the water, and developed into a land animal. He knows it is a problem that men do not look as though they were sea creatures, but his explanations of such difficulties are feeble. What he had done was to “combine a correct understanding of artefacts of the iron and bronze ages with the erroneous interpretation of Cainozoic vertebrates as human skeletons, and silicified logs in fluvio-continental deposits as petrified ships (as Steno did)..”

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Harry Lee Coe (June 25, 1885 – April 1977) was an American athlete. He competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.

He died in Seattle, Washington.

In 1908 he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 400 metre hurdles competition after finishing third in his heat.

Coe placed second in his initial semifinal heat of the 1500 metres, clocking in at 4:09.2, not far behind heat winner Vincent Loney at 4:08.4. Coe did not advance to the final.

In the 800 metres, Coe finished second in his semifinal heat as well and did not advance to the final. He finished two yards behind eventual silver medalist Emilio Lunghi, at 1:57.2.

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Mitsubishi Pajero Junior

Manufacturer	Mitsubishi Motors
Production	1995–98
Body style(s)	Mini SUV
Engine(s)	4A31 1094 cc SOHC 16v I4
Wheelbase	2,200 mm (86.6 in)
Length	3,500 mm (137.8 in)
Width	1,545 mm (60.8 in)
Height	1,660 mm (65.4 in)
Curb weight	980 kg (2,200 lb)
Fuel capacity	35 litres (7.7 imp gal; 9.2 US gal)

The Mitsubishi Pajero Junior is a mini SUV produced by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors between 1995 and 1998. Based on a lengthened Minica platform, it was a larger version of the Mitsubishi Pajero Mini, though unlike that car it was too big to qualify for the kei car classification.

The popularity of the vehicle inspired Mitsubishi to create several limited editions, including the “Pajero Jr. McTwist”, and “Pajero Jr. Lynx”, which were exhibited at the 32nd Tokyo Motor Show in 1997.

Annual production and sales

(Sources: Facts & Figures 2000, Mitsubishi Motors website)

References

1. ^ “Mitsubishi Motors 32nd Tokyo Motor Show Exhibits”, Mitsubishi Motors press release, October 15, 1997

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Seoul United is a South Korean citizen football club based in the city of Seoul. It is currently a member of the K3 League, an amateur league and the third tier of league football in South Korea.

History

The movement to create Seoul United began in 2001 as a group of supporters set about bringing professional football back to the city of Seoul, following the K-League’s decision to relocate the then-capital clubs to other cities.

The movement suffered a setback at the end of 2003 when LG moved their Anyang LG Cheetahs club from Anyang to Seoul, becoming FC Seoul and taking up residence at the Seoul World Cup Stadium.

Despite this, the fan push continued and the establishment of the K3 League in 2007 gave a realistic opportunity for involvement in the league set-up. Two amateur sides, Good Bu&Bu (Good Friend) and Youngseo FC (Jin Seoul), were merged to create the new club and the home venue of Seoul Olympic Main Stadium was chosen.

The team’s first ever match was played on April 21, 2007, a 2-2 home draw with Changwon Dudae FC.

The inaugural K3-League season ended with the club clinching the first ever K3 League title after a 3-0 aggregate victory over Hwasung Sinwoo Electronics in the championship playoffs.

Players

Current Team Squad

as of March 20, 2009

No. Position Player 1 GK Moon Sung-Ho 2 DF Seo Ji-Won 3 DF Ahn Jin-Cheol 4 DF Park Young-Sub 5 DF Jung Myeong-Ho 6 MF Lee Jae-Myung 8 MF Shin Jin-Won 9 MF Lee Wan 10 FW Lee Byung-Keun 11 FW Jung Jae-Kwon 12 Supporters 13 FW Kang Hyung-Jun 14 DF Hwang Jung-Kyu 15 MF Kim Dong-Hae 16 FW Hwang Yeon-Seok 17 MF Kang Hyun-Jin 18 FW Lim Yong-Keun 19 FW Park Jong-Chan 20 MF Kim Kyung-Hwan 21 GK Lee Yong-Sung 22 DF Choi Seung-Ho 23 MF Shim Jae-Won

No. Position Player 24 DF Lim Min-Kyu 25 MF Park Sin-Young 26 MF Kim Yong-Ku 27 FW Ryu Geun-Chan 28 DF Choi Yong-In 29 DF Lee Dae-Hyun 30 MF Kim Min-Young 32 DF Yoon Ji-Hoon 33 FW Lee Hyung-Bong 34 FW Kim Woo-Suk 35 MF Kim Joon-Hyung 36 MF Park Jae-Euk 37 DF Ji Ji-Won 38 MF Kim Hong-Chul 39 MF Park Sae-Kyul 40 FW Lim Kyung-Jun 41 DF Nam Yoon-Su 42 FW Choi Han-Gueol 43 DF You Jin-Sang 45 DF Park Jae-Hyun 50 GK Ji Sang-Hun

Honours

Domestic

• K3 League
  • Winners (1) : 2007

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‹ The template below (Extra album cover 2) is being considered for deletion. See templates for deletion to help reach a consensus. ›

Amar es Combatir
Studio album by Maná
Released	August 22, 2006
Recorded	at The Hit Factory, Miami, Florida
Genre	Latin rock Pop rock Dub
Length	56:30
Label	WEA Latina
Producer	Fher Olvera & Alex González
Professional reviews
Allmusic link
Maná chronology
Esenciales: Eclipse (2003) Amar es Combatir (2006) Arde El Cielo (2008)
Alternate covers
Deluxe Limited Edition CD & DVD cover
Singles from Amar es Combatir
“Labios Compartidos” “Bendita Tu Luz” “Manda Una Señal” “Ojalá Pudiera Borrarte” “El Rey Tiburón”

Amar es Combatir (English: “Loving is Fighting) is the seventh studio album released by the Mexican Latin pop/Rock en Español band Maná. The album, which was released in August 22, 2006, became the band’s first release in four years.

On February 11, 2007, the album won a Grammy Award in the category of Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album. On April 26, 2007 it received two Billboard Latin Music Awards.

The band Re-released this album with a Deluxe Limited Edition CD & DVD on March 27, 2007.

Track listing

Deluxe Limited Edition CD & DVD

Personnel

• Francisco Ayon – Assistant
• Miguel Bustamante – Assistant engineer
• Juan Calleros – Bajo sexto, group member
• Juan Luis Guerra – Guest vocals
• Albert Sterling Menendez – Keyboards
• Fher Olvera – Acoustic guitar, harmonica, electric guitar, main vocals, producer, choir, concept design, group member
• Carlos Perez – graphic design, creative director, concept design
• Fernando Quintana – Choir
• Luis Rey – Choir
• Thom Russo – Mixing, recording
• Fabian Serrano – Digital editing, coordination
• Fernando Vallín – Guitar, bajo sexto, digital editing, choir, guitar technician
• Sergio Vallin – Acoustic guitar, electric guitar, choir, group member
• Javier Valverde – Digital editing, assistant engineer

Charts

Amar Es Combatir debuted at #4 on the Billboard 200 chart and #1 on the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart, selling nearly 87,000 copies in its first week of release in the United States. This marked the highest first-week sales and chart position for a Spanish language album by a duo or group and the first Spanish language album to debut atop the rock albums tally. It is also tied with Shakira’s Fijación Oral Vol. 1 (2005) as the highest debut of a Spanish language album in the history of Billboard.

The album has produced three Billboard Hot Latin Tracks number-one singles: “Labios Compartidos”, “Bendita Tu Luz” and “Manda Una Señal”.

Album

Singles

Sales and Certifications

Awards

Billboard Latin Music Awards

• Latin Rock/Alternative Album of the Year
• Latin Pop Airplay Song of the Year by a Duo or Group – “Labios Compartidos”

Grammy Awards

• Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album

MTV Video Music Awards Latin America

• Video of the Year – “Labios Compartidos”
• Best Rock Artist
• MTV Legend Award

See also

• Amar es Combatir Tour

References

Maná additional poster

1. ^ Information about the Grammy Award the album has won.
2. ^ Information about the winners of the 2007 Billboard Latin Music Awards
3. ^ Performance of the album on the Billboard charts
4. ^ Swiss charts
5. ^ Spanish charts
6. ^ Performance of the singles on the Billboard charts.
7. ^ “CAPIF Search Database”
8. ^ “Brasil certifications database”
9. ^ “Maná release their new album Amar es Combatir and was Gold Disc in Colombia”
10. ^ “AMPROFON Search Database”
11. ^ “Spain Top 100 Albums”
12. ^ “Switzerland certification”. Retrieved March 24, 2007.
13. ^ “Maná in Valencia and Maracaibo”
14. ^ “RIAA Gold & Platinum Search Results”

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